RESEARCH

RESEARCH – (Kerlinger) systematic, empirical, controlled & critical investigation of a hypothetical proposition related to natural phenomenon.

PHENOMENON – anything that affects human life

-          disease, signs & symptoms, procedures, MD, RNs

HYPOTHESIS – educated guess, scientific guess, tentative statement of a supposed answer.

-          not known yet if true of false, right or wrong

RESEARCH -  must be conducted to affirm or deny a hypothesis.

4 major Characteristics of a Scientific Research

1. Systematic – follow step by step process. Fr identification of problem to conclusion.
2. Empirical – proper objective. To collect data, facts & evidence to support hypothesis.
3. Controlled – proper planning/ direction. Research design.
4. Critical investigation – fact finding investigation. (synonym)

PURPOSE OF A SIENTIFIC NURSING RESEARCH

D – descriptive purpose. Gain richer familiarity regarding a phenomena. Observation. 100% known to RN.

E – exploratory purpose. 50% still unknown to RN.

E – experimental purpose. Perform manipulation. Perform intervention. What to find out cause & effect.

D – developmental purposes. Fro improvement of system of care.

F  Nightingale – birthplace. Italy

                                Training ground: Germany

                                Greatest contribution: environmental theory & training of RNs in Crimean War

                                School: St. Thomas School of Nursing

Patient –nursing focus on research

10 MAJOR STEPS

1. Identification or formulation of research problem
2. Review of related literature
3. conceptualization of conceptual/ theoretical framework
4. Formulation/ Adapting hypothesis
5. Choosing the appropriate design
6. Choosing sample from pop
7. Conducting final study or pilot study
8. Collection of data base
9. Analysis & interpretation of data base
10. Disseminating the conclusion & recommendation.

Problem: in res – requires a solution

Sources (CLIENT) of good problem

C – concepts

L – literatures

I – issues

E – essays

N – nursing problems

T – theories

Char of good problem (GRIFINS)

G – general applicability – result should be helpful or applicable to all.

a.)     basic/ Pre – for personal knowledge

b.)     Applied – focus is solving problems of others

Re – researchable – collectable & abundant data

F – feasible or measurable

a.)     time

b.)     money/ cost

c.)      participants

d.)     instruments

e.)      experience

f.)      proper ethics of good researcher

I – important

N – novelty – original to avoid plagiarism.

S – significant